Abandono de psicoterapia psicanalítica por adolescentes: uma revisão narrativa / Adolescent dropout from psychoanalytical psychotherapy: a narrative review / Abandon de la psychothérapie psychanalytique par les adolescents: une revue narrative / Abandono de la psicoterapia psicoanalítica por adolescentes: una revisión narrativa

Resumo Fenômeno frequente, embora pouco estudado, o abandono da psicoterapia por parte de adolescentes é preocupante, visto que uma expressiva parcela deles possui problemas de saúde mental. Nesse sentido, esta revisão narrativa tem como objetivo compreender por que os jovens abandonam a psicoterapia psicanalítica. Características dos adolescentes têm sido relacionadas ao abandono, como idade e gênero, e variáveis clínicas, como comportamento antissocial e delinquente, embora ainda não haja consenso. Atributos do processo terapêutico, como a qualidade da aliança terapêutica e variáveis do terapeuta, também estão associadas à manutenção ou não da psicoterapia. Concluiu-se que a literatura progrediu no entendimento dos motivos que levam os adolescentes a interromperem os tratamentos psicanalíticos, com ênfase para fatores clínicos e aspectos do processo terapêutico. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para o avanço na compreensão e prevenção do fenômeno.

Abstract The frequent phenomenon, although little explored, of adolescent dropout from psychotherapy is a worrying data, as a significant portion of them have mental health issues. As such, this narrative review based on scientific articles and books seeks to understand this phenomenon. Adolescent's characteristics such as age, gender and other clinical variables like antisocial and delinquent behavior have been associated with dropout, but there is still no consensus. Attributes of the therapeutic process, such as the quality of the therapeutic alliance and therapist variables, are also associated with whether or not psychotherapy is maintained. In conclusion, literature is progressing in its understanding of why adolescents dropout from psychoanalytic treatment, emphasizing clinical factors and aspects of the therapeutic process. However, more studies are necessary to advance knowledge and prevention of this phenomenon.

Résumé Le phénomène fréquent, bien que peu exploré, de l'abandon des psychothérapies par les adolescents est une donnée sont préoccupante, dans la mesure où une partie importante d'entre eux présente des problèmes de santé mentale. Ainsi, cette revue narrative basée sur des articles et ouvrages scientifiques cherche à comprendre ce phénomène. Les caractéristiques de l'adolescent telles que l'âge, le sexe et d'autres variables cliniques comme le comportement antisocial et délinquant ont été associées à l'abandon, mais il n'y a toujours pas de consensus. Les attributs du processus thérapeutique, tels que la qualité de l'alliance thérapeutique et les variables du thérapeute, sont également associés au maintien ou non de la psychothérapie. En conclusion, la littérature progresse dans sa compréhension des raisons pour lesquelles les adolescents abandonnent le traitement psychanalytique, en mettant l'accent sur les facteurs cliniques et les aspects du processus thérapeutique. Cependant, d'autres études sont nécessaires pour faire progresser la connaissance et la prévention de ce phénomène.

Resumen El frecuente y poco estudiado abandono de la psicoterapia por los adolescentes es preocupante, ya que parte importante de ellos tiene problemas de salud mental. En este contexto, esta revisión narrativa tuvo como objetivo comprender las razones de esta práctica. Las características de los adolescentes que se han relacionado con el abandono fueron la edad, el sexo y variables clínicas como la conducta antisocial y delictiva, aunque aún no existe consenso. Las características del proceso terapéutico como la calidad de la alianza terapéutica y las variables del terapeuta también se han asociado al mantenimiento o no de la psicoterapia. Se concluyó que la literatura avanza en la comprensión de por qué los adolescentes interrumpen los tratamientos psicoanalíticos, con énfasis en los factores clínicos y aspectos del proceso terapéutico. Se necesitan más estudios para avanzar en la comprensión y prevención del fenómeno.

A volta aos estudos dos alunos evadidos do ensino superior brasileiro / Regreso a los estudios de los alumnos evadidos de la educación superior brasileña / La reprise des cours des étudiants brésiliens decroches de l'université / The return to higher education of dropout students in brazil

Resumo O número de alunos no ensino superior brasileiro aumentou muito recentemente. Mas a evasão tem sido alta e objeto de estudo de diversos pesquisadores. Este trabalho analisa microdados do Censo da Educação Superior de 2009 a 2017 sobre a volta aos estudos dos alunos que se evadiram do ensino superior. Os resultados mostram que grande parte dos alunos que se desvincularam voltou para o ensino superior posteriormente, e, apesar de não voltarem para cursos da mesma instituição, a maior parte volta para cursos na mesma área do curso originalmente evadido. Além disso, os cursos da área de Comércio e Administração são um destino importante dos alunos que se desvincularam de cursos superiores, independentemente da área de origem.

Resumen El número de alumnos en la educación superior brasileña aumentó muy recientemente. Sin embargo, la evasión viene siendo elevada y es objeto de estudio de diversos investigadores. Este trabajo analiza microdatos del Censo de la Educación Superior de 2009 a 2017 sobre el regreso a los estudios de los alumnos que se evadieron de la educación superior. Los resultados muestran que una gran parte de los alumnos que se desvincularon volvió posteriormente a la educación superior y, a pesar de que no regresaron a cursos de la misma institución, la mayor parte volvió a cursos de la misma área del curso originalmente evadido. Por otra parte, los cursos del área de Comercio y Administración son un destino importante de los alumnos que se desvincularon de cursos superiores, independientemente del área de origen.

Résumé Le nombre d'étudiants dans l'enseignement supérieur a beaucoup augumenté ces derniers temps. Pourtant l'abandon est élevé et l'objet d'étude de différents chercheurs. Ce travail analyse des microdonnées du Recensement de l'Enseignement Supérieur (Censo da Educação Superior) de 2009 à 2017 sur la reprise des cours par des étudiants ayant abandonné l'enseignement supérieur. Les résultats montrent qu'une grande partie des étudiants qui avait décroché est retournée ultérieurement á l'université, et bien qu'ils n'aient pas repris les cours dans la même institution, la plupart reprend leurs études dans le même domaine. Par ailleurs, les cours supérieurs de commerce et administration sont une destination importante des étudiants décrochés de l'université indépendamment du domaine d'origine.

Abstract The number of students in Brazilian higher education has increased dramatically in the recent period. However, evasion has been high and object of study by several researchers. This work brings a new look at the problem, analyzing the return of students who have dropped out from higher education with the microdata of the Higher Education Census from 2009 to 2017. The results show that a large part of the students who dropped out of higher education later returned to higher education and, although they did not return to programs from the same higher education institution, most of them returned to the same area of the originally dropped out program. In addition, programs in the area of Business and Administration are an important destination when students who have dropped out from higher education return, regardless of their area of origin.

Encarceramento feminino: reflexões acerca do abandono afetivo e fatores associados / Female incarceration: reflections of affective and associated factors / Encarcelamiento femenino: reflexiones acerca del abandono afectivo y factores asociados / Incarcération des femmes: réflexions sur les facteurs associés

O presente trabalho aborda histórica e criticamente o encarceramento feminino, bem como o abandono afetivo experienciado pelas mulheres encarceradas. A pesquisa foi realizada com base em revisão de literatura, tendo sido investigado a partir das características da mulher criminosa desenvolvido pela criminologia positivista no final do século XIX, até o acervo literário mais atual sobre essa temática do encarceramento feminino, o rompimento do ideal de mulher estabelecido historicamente despontou como um dos principais fatores, juntamente com as relações de poder de base patriarcal instituídas sobre essas mulheres. Junto a isso, buscou-se apresentar de que maneira as relações de poder atravessam o corpo das mulheres encarceradas por meio de estratégias de dominação, apontar os significados que permeiam a entrada das mulheres na criminalidade, bem como a maneira com as quais elas são punidas. Nesse último quesito, foi apresentada a direta relação que a desigualdade de gênero se aloca nas atuações de quem se relaciona diretamente com a população carcerária feminina.

The present work approaches historically and critically the female incarceration, as well as the affective abandonment experienced by imprisoned women. The research was carried out based on a literature review in which aspects from the characteristics of the criminal women developed by positivist criminology at the end of the 19th century to the most current literary collection on the female incarceration 's subject were delineated. The breaking of the ideal of women established historically along with the patriarchal base power relations instituted upon these women emerged as main factors. Additionally, it was presented how power relations cross the body of imprisoned women through strategies of domination and to point out the meanings that permeate the entry of women into criminality, as well as the manner in which they are punished. Based on this last issue, the direct relationship between gender inequality and the actions of those directly involved with the female incarcerated population was presented.

El presente trabajo aborda histórica y críticamente el encarcelamiento femenino, así como el abandono afectivo experimentado por las mujeres encarceladas. La investigación fue realizada con base en revisión de literatura, siendo investigado a partir de las características de la mujer criminal desarrollada por la criminología positivista, a finales del siglo XIX, hasta el acervo literário más actual acerca de la temática del encarcelamiento femenino, el rompimiento del ideal de mujer establecido históricamente surgió como uno de los principales factores, junto con las relaciones de poder de base patriarcal instituidas sobre estas mujeres. Junto a eso, se buscó presentar de qué manera las relaciones de poder atraviesan el cuerpo de las mujeres encarceladas por medio de estrategias de dominación, apuntar los significados que permean la entrada de las mujeres en la criminalidad, así como la manera con que ellas son castigadas. En este último aspecto, se presentó la directa relación que la desigualdad de género se asigna en las actuaciones de quienes se relacionan directamente con la población carcelaria femenina.

Le présent travail aborde historiquement et de manière critique l'incarcération des femmes, ainsi que l'abandon affectif vécu par les femmes emprisonnées. La recherche a été réalisée sur la base d'une revue de la littérature, après avoir étudié les caractéristiques de la femme criminelle développée par la criminologie positiviste à la fin du XIXe siècle, ainsi que la collection littéraire la plus récente sur l'incarcération des femmes, la rupture de l'idéal de la femme. établi historiquement est apparu comme l'un des principaux facteurs avec les relations de pouvoir patriarcales établies sur ces femmes. En même temps, l'objectif était de montrer comment les relations de pouvoir traversent le corps des femmes emprisonnées par le biais de stratégies de domination, afin de mettre en évidence les significations qui imprègnent l'entrée des femmes dans la criminalité, ainsi que la manière dont elles sont punies. Dans cette dernière question, le lien direct entre l'inégalité entre les sexes et les actions de ceux directement liés à la population carcérale féminine a été présenté.

The correlation factor analysis of the neonates abandoned in hospital less than 24 hours / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To investigate the relative factors of the neonates that were abandoned in hospital less than 24 hours,then the level of the local neonates medical service and the neonatal remedy skills and the life quality could be improved.Methods The clinical data of 379 cases of hospitalized neonates less than 24 hours from 2007 to 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.The correlation factors of the neonates abandoned in hospital less than 24 hours(122 cases) and hospitalized more than 24 hours (244 cases) were analyzed by single and multiple factor regression analysis.Results (1) There were 379 neonates who were in hospital less than 24 hours,among them,122 neonates were gave up the treatments.The differences of the gestational age and weight among abandon group,hospital referral group,improve group and uncured group were significant(P ＜0.01).(2) The numbers of neonates abandoned in hospital less than 24 hours were different significantly from 2007 to 2011 (P ＜0.05) and tendency was decreased year by year(chi-square trend test x2 =6.115,P =0.013).The uncured group was increased year by year (P ＜ 0.05).The hospital referral group,improved group were fluctuation,but no descend or rise tendency(P ＞0.05).(3) The differences of the gestational age,birth weight,uterine-incision delivery,intrapartum asphyxia,intrauterine distress,birth hospital,family income less than twenty thousand yuan every year,father's culture level,diagnosed premature,very low birth weight infant,low birth weight infant,respiratory distress syndrome and brain injuries were significant between neonates in hospital less than 24 hours and more than 24 hours(P ＜ 0.05).The differences of the male,intrapartum high risk factors,mother's morbid state and miscarriage were not significant(P ＞0.05).(4) The uterine-incision delivery,intrapartum asphyxia,birth in the county and below county hospital,family income less than twenty thousand yuan every year and diagnosed respiratory distress syndrome were correlation to the abandon treatment in 24 hours.There were no correlation to the gave up treatment in 24 hours to the rest of the factors.Conclusion We should set up the systemic gravid detection system,avoid premature birth and respiratory distress syndrome,add the hardware configuration and medical personnel to the neonate department,improve the professional technology level,perfect social security system mechanism,decrease the hospital discharge rate of the hospitalization less than 24 hours,improve the level of the local neonatal treatment technology and the quality of population.

Primary Medical Care of 306 Abandoned Children before Admission to the Welfare Organization / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the special features of disabled children and their medical care before admission to social welfare institution.Methods A retrospective analysis of 306 cases was performed for the types of disabilities, growth and development, nutritional state, success rate in treatment of severe cases, and etc.Results In all of 306 cases (the ratio of male∶female equal 1.6∶1), 49 cases (16.01%) had intelligence disability, 17 cases (5.56%) had extremity disability, 6 cases (1.96%) had vision disability, 7 cases (2.29%) had hearing or speech disability, 158 cases (51.63%) had multiple disability, but no cases had psychiatric disability. Besides, 69 cases (22.55%) had severe but incurable or untreated congenital disease. 23 severe cases were successfully treated and there were 10 deaths. 296 cases were transferred to the state welfare institution after medical observation or treatment.Conclusion Living environment for disabled children is extremely bad, social adaptability is poor, most of them have growth retardation, malnutrition, poor immunity, susceptible to acute diseases and the mortality rate of these children is higher.

Characteristics of the Children Abandoned Treatment after Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

@# ObjectiveTo investigate the time, causes and modes of the cerebral palsy children abandoned treatment. MethodsThe information of 50 cerebral palsy children who abandoned treatment were analysed retrospectively. Results and ConclusionCerebral palsy children abandoned their treatment in 3～9 months after treatment mostly. The main causes included their parents had little cognition and confidence to the treatment, or were in financial problem. 10 cases were without any treatment, 18 cases tried unofficial treatment, 19 cases accepted consolatory treatment, and 3 cases fell back on superstition.